The Issue Of The State Constitution On Same Sex Marriage...

In 2008 the real battle began for amending the state constitution on same-sex marriage rights. In the minds of professionals a lot of things went wrong with the proposition 8 campaign. One of the biggest problems that the campaign came across was money. It takes a lot of money to pass a bill or to appose a bill. Proposition 8 was neck and neck for yes and no results. Yes on 8 campaign requested assistants from the Mormon community and minority homophobia. The Yes on 8 campaign was lead by leaders of Protect Marriage, the main group behind the ban. Protect Marriage campaign issued an urgent cry for help asking for more funds to help keep the fight alive. The Mormon Church contributed up to twenty million dollars to Protect Marriage.†¦show more content†¦Dear President Monson, On behalf of the members of the Ad Hoc Committee for the Defense of Marriage of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, I am writing to express prayerful support and steadfast solidarity w ith the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its members in view of recent events. We have watched with great distress in recent weeks as some members of society have reacted intemperately, and sometimes even violently, to the decision of the voters in support of Proposition 8 in California. We have been especially troubled by the reports of explicit and direct targeting of your church personnel and facilities as the objects of hostility and abuse. We pray that prudence and healing may prevail. The members of the Committee offer you our profound gratitude for your role in the broad alliance of faith communities and other people of good will who joined together to protect marriage, while at the same time, witnessing to the honor and respect due to every human person created in the image and likeness of God. Fraternally yours in Christ, Archbishop Joseph E. Kurtz (2008, Paulson) Threats and protest the Mormons helped pass Proposition 8 with money, institutional support and dedicated volunteers. It was thought that Mormons made up to 80 percent to 90 percent of the early volunteers going door to door in election precincts. Mormons believed if

Repatriation Process A Realistic Approach -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Repatriation Process A Realistic Approach? Answer: Introducation Managing global workforces entails various procedures and repatriation is one of them. Multinational companies are involved in relocation personnel from one country to another to facilitate the productivity of the organization. Nonetheless, there comes a time when these staffs are repatriated to their home nations. Research shows that forty percent of the repatriated employees end up leaving the operations. Therefore, during the preparation of the repatriations process, some aspects should be considered. The re-entry phase of the expatriation process has personal and career-related issues. It needs adequate preparation on the various aspects of the pre-repatriation program. The first element involves collecting sufficient information on the culture and social challenges that the expatriate will face. Once an individual is relocated to a different nation, they experience social and cultural gaps (Hyder, and Lvblad, 2007, p. 270). It is essential that this aspect of the pre-repatriation program be covered thoroughly especially through counseling, both for the employee and the family. Secondly, repatriation affects the job description of a staff management. It is the case because, irrespective of a corporation being multinational, different branches do not similarly classify the tasks. Whats more, the job description affects the op position and authority ranking. This career-related aspect is part of the pre-repatriation program. The expatriated should be thoroughly prepared on the job position he/she will be holding in the home country branch. Otherwise, it would lead to demotivation and eventually result in the firm losing expert employees (Scullion, and Collings, 2011, p. 98). Thirdly, the pre-repatriation process should involve financial planning and other related activities. Various aspects such as wage rate and taxation affect the disposable income for personnel differently in multiple nations. Besides, the living conditions also change. Employees are unwilling to take a lower wage rate (Noe, et al. 2003, p. 132). Therefore, the pre-repatriation program should consider the financial status of the expatriate before the process. References Hyder, A.S. and Lvblad, M., 2007. The repatriation processa realistic approach. Business Development International, 12(3), pp.264-281. Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M., 2003. Gaining a competitive advantage. Irwin: McGraw-Hill. Scullion, H. and Collings, D., 2011. Global talent management. Routledge.

Colonialism in The Tempest Essay Essay Example

Colonialism in The Tempest Essay Paper Background Information: In 1609 a fleet of nine ships set out from England. headed towards John Smith’s Virginia settlement. the first English colony in the New World. One of the nine ships was separated during a violent storm and ended up on Bermuda. These shipwrecked Europeans began colonising the island and enslaving the native population. Shakespeare’s Tempest is based on this incident. For over a century. a figure of critics have tried to construe the assorted elements of station colonialism nowadays in the Tempest. In 1818. the English critic William Hazlitt was the first to indicate out that Prospero had usurped Caliban from his regulation of the island and therefore. was an agent of imperialism. This position provided the footing for modern readings of the Tempest as a station colonial work. Shakespeare’s Tempest is an amalgam of assorted pots colonial elements: Prospero is a European who has taken charge of a distant island. being able to make so because of his strong charming powers. We will write a custom essay sample on Colonialism in The Tempest Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Colonialism in The Tempest Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Colonialism in The Tempest Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With these powers. he organizes a life for himself. gets the local dwellers ( Ariel and Caliban ) to work for him. and maintains his control by a combination of menaces. enchantments and captivations. and promises of freedom some twenty-four hours. By taking charge of a topographic point which is non his and by exercising his European authorization over the unusual non-European animals. Prospero can be seen as an obvious symbol for European colonial power. However. Caliban is possibly the strongest symbol of Post colonialism. Caliban. a indigen of the island. respects himself as the rightful proprietor of the topographic point. He bluffly states: â€Å"This island’s mine. by Sycorax my female parent. which thou takest from me. † He is forced against his will to function Prospero and Miranda. Initially. Prospero extends to Caliban his European cordial reception. teaches him linguistic communication. and. in return. is shown all the natural resources of the island by Caliban. But Caliban refuses to populate by Prospero’s regulations. attempts to ravish Miranda. and their relationship alterations to one of maestro and slave. Shakespeare represents every bit Caliban as an â€Å"ignoble barbarian. † When Trinculo foremost encounters Caliban. he views him as some sort of monster. After flinching in horror from Caliban. Trinculo considers conveying the monster back to England where he can be displayed in a freak show: â€Å"Were I in England now. as one time I was. and had but this fish painted. non holiday sap there but would give a piece of Ag: at that place would this monster make a adult male ; any unusual animal there makes a adult male: when they will non give a doit ( coin ) to alleviate a square mendicant. they will put out 10 to see a dead Indian. † Trinculo is mentioning to the pattern of â€Å"exhibiting† Indians for money in late sixteenth century England. Such â€Å"freak shows† were extremely profitable investings and were a regular characteristic of colonial policy under King James I. Caliban tries to assist Trinculo happen nutrient. who might emancipate him from Prospero. his current maestro and Godhead of the island. Caliban smarmily says: â€Å"I prithee. allow me convey thee where pediculosis pubis grow ; And I with my long nails will delve thee pig-nuts ; Show thee a jay’s nest. and how to trap the agile marmoset ; I’ll acquire thee To constellating cobnuts and sometimes I’ll acquire thee immature scamels from the stone. Wilt thou travel with me? † Powhatan. the native head. had provided the same services to John Smith’s settlement. After half of the settlers died in the first twelvemonth. Powhatan took commiseration and taught the settlers how to works maize. beans. Cucurbita pepos. and squash. However. once the hungering British settlers recovered their strength. they one time once more put about the undertaking of enslaving the native population. The drama ends with Prospero make up ones minding to return to Europe and to decolonise his island and liberate his slaves. The colonizer sets himself free every bit good. Prospero non merely gives up his island. but relinquishes his charming powers that enabled him to command Caliban.

Demographics, Psychographics and Personality Essay Example

Demographics, Psychographics and Personality Essay Example Demographics, Psychographics and Personality Essay Demographics, Psychographics and Personality Essay Individual Differences Important tools for segmentation They include: Demographics, psychographics and personality Consumer Motivation (Chapter 8) Consumer Knowledge (Chapter 9) Consumer Beliefs, Feelings, Attitudes and Intentions (Chapter 10) Analyzing and Predicting Consumer Behavior Demographics is the size, structure, and distribution of a population Marketers use demographic analysis as market segment descriptors and in trend analysis I- Demographics A- Structure of Markets B- Geographic Factors C- Economic Resources D- Global Markets A- Structure of Markets Market analysis requires information about People with needs Ability to buy Willingness to buy Authority to buy Affected by: Birthrate Immigration (30% of annual growth in the US) Increasing life expectancy Structure of Markets Affects demand for products and services Marketers can adapt product features, packaging, and communication strategies messages depending on changing age structure of markets Marketing to Children Children make purchases themselves Parents buy for children Marketing to Teenagers Growing in number Greater need for peer acceptance, which often guides product and brand choice More likely to switch brands quicker than other segments (Variety Seeking) Like the social aspects of shopping with friends Marketing to Young Adults 20-34 years Growing Need to buy products to set up households and for young children With many needs and greater financial constraints, they often shop at value-oriented retailers Marketing to Baby Boomers Growing in number Good market for spas, luxury travel, health clubs, cosmetics and healthy food This group may be â€Å"aging† but doesn’t want to be reminded Marketing to â€Å"Young Again† Market Referred to as mature markets, seniors elderly (65 years) Growing substantially Many in this segment are feeling, thinking, and buying younger than previous generations Many have adopted â€Å"young again† lifestyles and attitudes Cognitive age: the age a person perceives himself or herself to be. It can be used for targeting segments within this group, developing more creative content, and selecting more effective media 1. Demographics Age Structure of Markets Geographic Factors Economic Resources Global Markets Geographic Factors Geo-demography: Refers to where people live, how they learn and spend their money, and other socioeconomic factors The study of demand related to geographic areas assumes that people who live in proximity to one another also share similar consumption patterns and preferences Cities are the most important unit of analysis in most marketing plans 1. Demographics Age Structure of Markets Geographic Factors Economic Resources Global Markets Economic Resources Income: money from wages, salaries, interest, and welfare payments Wealth: a measure of a family’s net worth (assets minus liabilities) Net worth influences willingness to spend but not necessarily ability to spend, since many assets are not liquid and difficult to use How much people accumulate over the year is more a function of how much they save rather than how much they earn Targeting the Up-Market Print-oriented communication Simple ads that promote image Credibility of source selling product Product reviews influence this group Targeting the Average â€Å"Down† Market Good products at reasonable prices Promote value in ads and in store Limited services to keep prices low 1. Demographics Age Structure of Markets Geographic Factors Economic Resources Global Markets Global Market Analysis The most attractive markets are countries that are growing both in population and in economic resources Which countries will grow the most in the future? Which countries have the highest per capita income? 2. Personality Personality: consistent responses to environmental stimuli An individual’s unique psychological makeup, which consistently influences how the person responds to his or her environment 3. Personal Values Values: Represent consumer beliefs about life and acceptable behavior Unlike attitudes, values transcend situations or events and are more enduring because they are more central in the personality structure 4. Lifestyles Lifestyles: Patterns in which people live and spend time and money Reflect their AIO Measures: Activities, Interests, and Opinions Since lifestyles change readily, marketers must keep research methods and marketing strategies updated Lifestyles can affect which goods are sold and how they should be positioned Lifestyles are a very popular tool for segmentation AIO Categories of Lifestyles Psychographics An operational technique to measure lifestyles Can be used in qualitative and quantitative research methods Demographics focus more on who buys products; psychographics focus on why they buy them Lifestyle Segmentation Develop a deeper understanding of a segment or define segment (Compare to Demographics) Gain understanding of which lifestyles influence purchase and consumption behaviors Marketers can develop communication packaging strategies accordingly

Risk assessment analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk assessment analysis - Assignment Example However, the organization is having many years of operation in the audit sector. The bond of the risk assessments to motivators of shareholder value and objectives is rarely available. Risk assessments can be regulated by rules and regulations such as anti-money embezzlement and internal control over financial reporting. They can in operation due to an organization’s own business development, operational efficiency, and talent nurturing. It is clear from the Vectren corporation audit report that the internal control is integrated framework given by the sponsoring organization committee of the tread commission. The management in charge for the maintenance of effective internal control report entails the management in accordance to internal control over financing details. The main responsibility is expressing the opinion concerning the organizations’ audit. The standards require a proper planning and appropriate performance of the audit to come up with a with a reasonable assurance if there was maintenance of effective internal control over the financial reports. There are aspects of evaluating the dangers that the weakness of a substance exists, assessing and testing the design and operating effectiveness. This provides a reasonable basis of the opinion count (Hester & Harrison, 2007). An organizations’ internal control over financial reporting is a concept structured by supervision of the organizations principal executive and principal financial persons carrying out the same activity. It is always the core activity of personnel, board of directors and management to facilitate provision of assurance concerning the financial reports to be reliable. There is preparation of financial statements for external factors in accordance with accounting rules and regulations. Making sure that the maintenance of records that are

Levels of obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Levels of obesity - Essay Example Besides, the inadequate desire to follow active lifestyles contributes equally to obesity as much as the laziness concerning exercising and keeping health does. Many people have less information on the threat of obesity in their lives, hence ignoring the numerous campaigns and interventions made by different agencies to highlight the impact of obesity in the human lifestyle. In general, the lack of accountability and responsibility sums up the major reason behind the escalating statistics of obesity. This essay will evaluate the importance of government interference in trying to decrease the levels of obesity. It will scrutinize the different strategies applied by the UK and USA governments in tackling this health menace. Indeed, both governments acknowledge the fact that obesity is not just a social problem, but a hindrance to economic growth as well (Cecchini & Sassi, 2012). Therefore, both governments have come up with intensive collaborative processes that deliver comprehensive manuals containing the desirable nutrition, lifestyles and exercises that aim at reducing and possibly eliminating the problem of obesity. Evidently, it is the role of every government to improve the social health of the society and the citizens at large. Trough intervening in tackling obesity, the government aims at reducing the death rate arising from the diseases caused by obesity. As earlier mentioned, obesity because a myriad of diseases that threaten to terminate the lives of people at earlier ages than expected. In addition to that, the cost of obesity is extremely high if the above diseases are factored in. Given the high cost of attaining quality medication, the government opted to reduce the burden of health complications caused by obesity. Potentially, obese individuals visit health facilities more frequently than their healthier weight counterparts do. These numerous visits translate to higher medical bills and consequently

Leadership approach suggested by Lao Tzu

Leadership approach suggested by Lao Tzu First of all let us define leadership? Leadership is a very essential issue and can be understood in different views. It would be very hard to give leadership a general definition because many writers have tried without reaching an accord. According to Mullins, 2005, Good Leadership involves the effective process of delegation and empowerment. The Leadership relationship is not limited to leader behaviour resulting in subordinate behaviour Susan Ward, 1997 gave a simple definition of Leadership as the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership in simplest terms can be defined as an ability through which you can gain followers. To gain followers requires authority but does not exclude the lack of reliability to achieve this. Whether you are the managing director or a shift leader, the way you lead is the single biggest success factor for everyone you work with. Leaders change the organisations around them. They make a difference to the business, rather than just making the business work. Leadership is about what you do. It involves learnable skills that can be applied to the tasks that occur in every business. Storr A. 1996 Leaders can generally be defined as those who take action when they do not want to leave things to chance. Leadership can also be defined as an instrument of goal achievement Bass 1990:15-16 Leadership is behaviour, not a position Bass 1990 The superior leader gets things done with very little motion. He imparts instruction not through many words but through a few deeds. He keeps informed about everything but interferes hardly at all. He is a catalyst, and though things would not get done well if he werent there, when they succeed he takes no credit. And because he takes no credit, credit never leaves him. Lao Tse, Tao Te Ching Famous Quotes on Leadership To lead people, walk beside them As for the best leaders, the people do not notice their existence. The next best, the people honour and praise. The next, the people fear; and the next, the people hate When the best leaders work is done the people say, We did it ourselves!' Lao-tsu If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall in the ditch. Jesus Christ Dictators ride to and fro upon tigers which they dare not dismount. And the tigers are getting hungry. Winston Churchill Control is not leadership; management is not leadership; leadership is leadership. If you seek to lead, invest at least 50% of your time in leading yourself-your own purpose, ethics, principles, motivation, conduct. Invest at least 20% leading those with authority over you and 15% leading your peers. Dee Hock Founder and CEO Emeritus, Visa Leadership is intentional influence. Michael McKinney People ask the difference between a leader and a boss. The leader leads, and the boss drives. Theodore Roosevelt Four rules of leadership in a free legislative body: First, no matter how hard-fought the issue, never get personal. Dont say or do anything that may come back to haunt you on another issue, another day. Second, do your homework. You cant lead without knowing what youre talking about. Third, the American legislative process is one of give and take. Use your power as a leader to persuade, not intimidate. Fourth, be considerate of the needs of your colleagues, even if theyre at the bottom of the totem pole. George Bush Former President of the United States Chester Barnard, 1997, believes that a good leader must have qualities such as Validity, Endurance, Intellectual Capacity, Persuasiveness and he should be responsible for any decision taken. THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP The Rise of Contemporary Leadership Theory Theories of leadership in any period are driven by a set of convictions and hopes on the part of the theorist. One certainty is that swift societal development makes it crucial to keep ones pulse on social changes and their implications for how groups of human beings can best be led, a natural assumption in the writings of leadership theorist Rosabeth Moss Kanter and numerous other scholars. A challenging view is that human nature is stagnant and unchanging and that the lasting lessons of history provide surer instruction in leadership than do the passing ripples of modernity. Ironically, the exemplars of this view are relatively ancient figures such as Lao Tzu and Machiavelli TRAIT THEORY OF LEADERSHIP: Trait theory is all about the types of personality tendencies and behaviour linked through effective leadership. Many theorists argued that key leadership trait include motivation; desire to seek power, self confidence to name a few. The biggest disapproval of this theory is that it suggests that leadership personality are inherited hence one is born with them. BEHAVIORAL AND STYLE THEORY OF LEADERSHIP: Another theory you should include in your leadership dissertation is Behavioural and style theory of leadership. In this theory the theorists stated that unlike the trait theory, leadership is not a set of traits but a pattern of motives. The Behavioural leadership grid model by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton based on concern for people and concern for productivity which are the basis of five different leadership styles. Studying this model will give you very clear emphasize of how to identify a clear leader. SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY: This theory presumes that different styles of leaderships are better in different situations. Many theorists have given their views about this theory. Its better to understand what each theorist proposes as to understand what they perceive is the right action on a certain situation. CONTIGENCY THEORY: Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all situations. Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers, and aspects of the situation. PARTICIPATIVE THEORY: Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others. MANAGEMENT THEORY: Management theories (also known as Transactional theories) focus on the role of supervision, organization, and group performance. These theories base leadership on a system of reward and punishment. Managerial theories are often used in business; when employees are successful, they are rewarded; when they fail, they are reprimanded or punished. RELATIONSHIP THEORY: Relationship theories (also known as Transformational theories) focus upon the connections formed between leaders and followers. These leaders motivate and inspire people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. Transformational leaders are focused on the performance of group members, but also want each person to fulfil his or her potential. These leaders often have high ethical and moral standards. Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Kendra Van Wagner, 2001 Leadership at All Levels Leadership whoever is doing it is about creating positive change to achieve long-term objectives. 1.1 Leadership involves setting goals, then moving the business towards them. Making the best use of resources, including peoples potential, is the key skill. 1.2 Leaders have to earn the authority to lead. For example, in a new job you should usually start by asking questions. You need a sound knowledge base before you start making decisions on technical issues. People need to be convinced of a leaders expertise and determination. 1.3 Leading a team means developing and motivating individuals and group. This includes helping people find meaning and purpose in what they are doing, so that it is seen to be worthwhile. Leaders create more leaders. By setting a positive example and allowing people to learn and develop on the job, you encourage them to take a more proactive role. 1.4 Leaders must often press ahead where managers see problems and back off. For example, every new product idea will face a series of obstacles. A leader will find a way around each of them. Leaders at supervisor or office level need backing, as it is often difficult for them to be recognised as leaders by their workmates. Odirone, George S. 1961. How managers make things happen VIEWS ON LEADERSHIP Leaders and leading are different. Leading is initiating change by developing the plan, implementing and evaluating the plan. Leaders work with others at all levels to explore the nature of the required change. A leader learns from others, mentors, and coaches. Leading is the verb, leader the noun. Both are necessary for change. Linda Burnes, 2001 Leadership is self discovery, and facilitation for others. It is the energy potential that evolves from the synergy of being in the right place and in the right frame of mind at the right time. This definition requires one to intuitively discover self, develop keen intuition, seek a positive attitude, utilize active listening skills and practice honest communications. Bass 1990 Leadership could also be the balancing energy for mind, body and spirit harmony. Leadership can be compassionate: Compassionate leadership is the ability to be there for others, without withdrawing and without judgment. Unconditional compassion for us leads naturally to unconditional compassion for others. There are whole parts of ourselves that are so unwanted that whenever they begin to emerge in ourselves or others, we run away. We can learn to use all the unwanted things in our lives to awaken compassion for ourselves and others. We can then relate compassionately to people and things we would rather push away. A compassionate leader is centred, accepting, honest and clear, helping others find their path toward wholeness while seeking wholeness oneself. LAO-TZU view on Leadership To lead people, walk beside them As for the best leaders, the people do not notice their existence. The next best, the people honour and praise. The next, the people fear; and the next, the people hate When the best leaders work is done the people say, We did it ourselves! Lao Tzu From the above quote from Lao Tzu, his views on what a good leader should be are listed below: A good leader should be able to always sort himself out by adopting an array of self-oriented mechanisms to improve self performances such as self goal-setting, self-reward, self-criticism and by reconstructing his approach to management in alignment with the strategy of being a good leader. A good leader should always be able to walk the talk, and to demonstrate the tight link between rhetoric and deed to others. A good leader should apply this attitude to his subordinates, embracing them in their own goal-setting and provide positive strokes wherever possible. A good leader should believe in team work and have a self-leading culture. A good leader should be selfless, extremely humble and never take full praise for any success the team makes. Manz and Sims 1991 CONTEMPORARY LEADERSHIP Democratic Leadership This is a type of contemporary leadership. Unlike Lao Tzu, Bass (1990) defined leadership a general definition on Leadership. He defines Leadership as an interaction between two or more members of a group that often involves a structuring or restructuring of the situation and the perceptions and expectations of the members. He also explained that Leadership occurs when one group member modifies the motivation or competencies of others in the group. Any member of the group can exhibit some amount of leadership His own view on leadership is viewed as constituting only constructive behaviours aimed at pursuing group goals. This type of leadership was described by Lewin and Lippitt 1938; as a kind of leadership that involves the democratic leaders relying upon group decision-making, active member involvement, honest praise and criticism, and a degree of comradeship. They believed leaders using the other styles were either domineering or uninvolved. In democratic leadership, Kutner (1950:460) explains that Leaders need authority but the delegation of authority in a democratic group is never a mandate for any leader to employ authority without the eventual approval of the group. Democratic leaders are the kind that must be accountable for the decisions they make as individuals and the roles they play in the democratic group. (Starhawk 1986) Their position in the network of power relations also makes these leaders responsible for making lines of authority, power and decision making clear and visible. They must keep their agendas and motivesopen and visible, not hidden. (Starhawk 1986; 272) Conceptions of Democratic Leadership Distributing Responsibility among the Democratic group (DEMO) Here, the democratic leader seeks to spread responsibility rather than to concentrate it. The essence of democratic leadership is that it shall promote opportunities for the fitting initiative of those within the society, and in the manner the latter desire. Nagel (1987) goes further arguing that democratic leadership should not merely ask members to take on responsibility; at times, the democratic leader must be demanding in reminding people of their collective responsibilities. Some members may be less than enthusiastic to do their share, and leaders who allow free riders to exploit fellow citizens do not serve their communities well. Empowerment Here, Gibbs (1971) describes this as asking fellow members of the DEMOs to take on responsibility, this is one of many ways in leaders can help develop members decision making capabilities. The members must be skilled at wide variety of tasks, such as speaking, thinking and organizing (Evans and Boyte 1986). Democratic Leadership can augment members skills by setting high but reasonable standards and asking members to challenge themselves (Tead 1935). Members ability may develop through taking on new responsibilities, but leaders can also pay a direct role by offering instruction or suggestion, particularly when asked to do so. Democratic leaders show genuine care and concern for the members of the DEMO (Starhawk 1986, Desjardins and Brown 1991) but not in a way that makes them into a substitute parent of guardian. A democratic leader must never manipulate the masses through shrewd exploitation of their mentality Aiding Deliberation Democratic Leaders must distribute responsibility appropriately and empower other group members, but they must devote the bulk of their time and energy to ensuring productive and democratic decision-making. Deliberation is the heart of democracy (Barber 1984; Mathews 1988) Democratic leadership aids the deliberative process through constructive participation facilitation, and the maintenance of healthy relationships and a positive emotional setting. Conclusion In conclusion, one would believe this quote from Linda Burnes saying Leaders and leading are different. Leading is initiating change by developing the plan, implementing and evaluating the plan. Leaders work with others at all levels to explore the nature of the required change. As a leader you have to learn to commune your idea or the vision of your company to the people you want to follow you. You must have zeal because you have to show your followers that you want to accomplish the goal as badly as they do, your zeal will drive them. You must learn to be a great decision maker. Sometimes, leaders must face times of pressure where they are forced to make quick decisions; a great leader must have this skill. You must be a team builder. To become a great leader, you must first make your followers great, you must have the authority to give your team responsibilities, and trust them too, and you must slowly make them greater and greater. You must also have character because your innate character strengths play a critical role in your leadership style. You must also be able to understand your followers and be able to speak their language in order to communicate properly with them. From research leadership can viewed as a phenomenon that is constantly changing. This essay has highlighted some leadership approaches and behaviours but there is no predicted way of behaviour for a leader. It is a matter of contingency