Determination Of Solubility Of Polar Solutes - 1074 Words

Introduction In the extraction of certain compounds, solubility plays an important factor in how the procedure is performed. The identification of which solvent is best for the substance is crucial. The relation of polarity between the solute and solvent is determined at a molecular level. The relationship between the solvent and solute needed shared similar characteristics. Polar solutes are dissolved in polar solvents while nonpolar solutes are dissolved in nonpolar solvents. From a chemical level, molecules are attracted to other similar molecules closest to their properties. Polar molecules are only attracted to polar molecules in both the solute and the solvent, and the same goes for nonpolar molecules. This explanation†¦show more content†¦For example, in some alkaline solvents acidic products will become deprotonated, keeping them soluble in water. The target compound can then be extracted as a free base. The extract results then are isolated by the addition of two immiscible sol vents. Two solvents that cannot be mixed are used so that there is a clear separation between the aqueous and organic layer. The component needed for extraction is contained in the organic layer. This is because the compound is more soluble to the composition of the organic layer. Multiple extractions with smaller volumes are more efficient than a single extraction at a one large volume. When an organic solvent is used to extract a compound from the aqueous solvent, smaller volumes will result in a better extraction. The success upon the collection of the crude material is depended on how well the water is absorbed by the anhydrous drying material. The presence of the drying material correlates with the vapor pressure of the other compound. When the vapor pressure is low, there is a smaller amount of moisture in the gas produced. Once the anhydrous material is added and clumping was avoided, the evaporation of the added organic substance can proceed. The final material collected can be physically identified by the final color of the precipitate. A greenish- white precipitate is most likely identified to be pure, and a brownish color indicates that the collected material is wet, and notShow MoreRelatedThin Layer Chromatography Lab Report1791 Words   |  8 Pagesmolecules, and determines the identity of a mixture of compounds. STRUCTURES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REACTANTS [1] SOLVENTS | a. Hexane1Molecular Molarity: 86.18 g/molBoiling Point: 69  ºCMelting Point: -95 ºCDensity: 0.659 g/mL at 25 ºCWater Solubility: Insoluble in waterColor/Texture: Colorless/LiquidHazardous Information: May cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory system. May cause drowsiness and/or dizziness. Suspected of damaging fertility or unborn child. May cause damage to organsRead MoreQuantitative Analysis Cheat Sheet6271 Words   |  26 Pagessubstance: number of some specified elementary entity: mole (quantity: amount) unit: mole One serving of milk contains 195 mg PHOSPHORUS (matrix ïÆ'   value ïÆ'   unit ïÆ'   specie/analyte) Matrix: where the specie is being determined Concentration: how much solute is contained in a given mass or volume Molarity: mol/L * Molality: mol/kg *weight percent: mass of substance per mass solution (g/g % or wt%) *volume percent: Vol % * mole fraction: amount of substance in the total amount of solution (unitless) Read MoreRecrystallization And Identification Of Unknown1796 Words   |  8 Pagesdissolves the solute, the solute molecules-both the pure parts and the impurities- float among the solvent molecules. After the solution has cooled, the solvent is not able to hold any of the solute molecules any more, and they begin to form solid crystals at the surface. Each solute molecule will approach the crystal and rest on it; if its geometry fits that of the crystal, it is more likely to remain on the crystal than to go back into the solvent. Thus, the crystals only contain the solute moleculesRead MoreDetermination of Unknown Liquid (2-Butanol)2586 Words   |  11 Pagesmethods to deductively identify compounds (1) . The determination of unknown #6 (2-butanol) was identified by a ser ies of test; first taking the boiling point (94-96 C), performing a solubility test, Beilstien test, Ignition test, and the appropriate functional group tests. An infrared spectrum and an NMR spectrum were then obtained and confirmation of the compound was proved. 2-butanol (sec-butyl alcohol) Introduction: The determination of unknowns is an important skill to organic chemistRead MoreExtraction and Characterization of Proteins3660 Words   |  15 Pagesobtained and stored in crystalline form. 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The products were refluxed and recrystallized, to ensure maximum purity, and filtered, dried, and weighed. The melting point

How Financial Aid Awareness Affects College Access and...

Paving the Way: How Financial Aid Awareness Affects College Access and Success Literature Review October 2008 In a time of ever-rising college costs, financial aid is critical to increase college access and success. Federal, state, and institutional aid programs help to ensure that students can afford higher education regardless of economic background. Financial aid is most effective when students and families learn about it early enough to make the right choices and plans about high school coursework, family savings, work and earnings, and college options. This literature review explores the questions of how and when students and families learn about college costs and financial aid, and how the timing and substance of that information†¦show more content†¦ii) Three out of four African-American parents do not identify scholarships as a source of aid, compared to half of White parents. Similarly, 83 percent of Latino parents do not mention grants as a source of aid versus 58 percent of White parents (Sallie Mae Fund and Harris Interactive 2003). Most Latino non-college-g oing youths can not name one source of financial aid (Zarate and Pachon 2006). iii) Two-thirds of African-American parents and 62 percent of Latino parents say they need more information about how to pay for college, compared to only 44 percent of White parents (Sallie Mae Fund and Harris Interactive 2003). d) Some students have inaccurate perceptions of their eligibility for financial aid. i) Many current and former community college students, especially those from two-parent households, assume that their household income is too high to make them eligible for federal financial aid (Matus-Grossman and Gooden 2002). ii) In California, far fewer Latino students than are eligible actually apply for Cal Grants because they erroneously believe that high grades are required (Zarate and Pachon 2006). iii) Many low-income students who do not apply for financial aid believe that they do not need financial aid. 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The first generation student family typically is unaware of the college process because the student’s parents have not attended an institution of higher education. Therefore, the students cannot count on their knowledge of the process. Eventually, when students reach the financial aid process it becomes difficult because parents usually cannot affordRead MoreThe Red Black by Stendhal1656 Words   |  7 Pagesregistered for classes. They both graduated in 1963. Since that time, minority enrollment has increased but it is still lacking. Why does the state’s flagship institution not appeal to minorities, particularly African Americans? Diversity Still A Problem Colleges have enjoyed a great amount of latitude in fulfilling their missions. With that comes the freedom to determine who shall teach and who shall be taught. In some instances, this has resulted in a decline in minority enrollment. 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System Analysis and Design Management Report

Question: Describe about the System Analysis and Design for Management Report. Answer: Introduction The report is developed for the Mexican food store that is looking forward to start its business in Sunshine Coast and expand in the area by working under franchise agreement for all the future stores. Inventory and order management systems will be implemented and linked for all the stores and wireless access points will also be required in every store for the functioning of all the activities. The report covers the requirement analysis and sources to understand the specifications of the system. It also covers the concept of scalability and its significance in this particular project. Groups for Requirements Analysis Business Owner and his team The most important entity involved in the project is the business owner, Mr. El Paso and his team. It will be important to understand his demands and requirements from the system along with the non-functional aspects he is willing to be considered. There are also other factors such as project budget and schedule which can be best covered from this source of requirements. Business and Market Analysts These people will assist in understanding of the requirements from the business perspective in terms of the competition in the market, trends in the inventory and order management systems and also the expansion schedule that must be followed. The margins and acceptance criteria can also be devised after interacting with this group. Networking Equipment Vendors Every store requires a network connectivity and wireless access points. These will require network set up and architecture along with the networking equipment. The cost and layout associated with the same will be assessed on the basis of the response received from the interaction with this group. Technical Experts Apart from the infrastructural requirements, there will also be a number of technical requirements associated with the system in terms of inventory management, order processing and management, front end, back end and many other components. The same will be explained by a team of technical experts that will be consulted to gain better clarity on the requirements. Customers or End Users The primary objective of any project or system is to satisfy the customer that will be utilizing the same. Hence, the customers will also be involved in the analysis process and their needs and expectations will be documented. Methods for Discovering Requirements There are a number of methods that can be utilized for discovering the requirements that are associated with the Mexican food store and its launch. The first method includes elicitation of requirements with the help of measures such as identification of data sources, interviewing the key entities and stakeholders and gathering all of the information together at one place (Wiley, 2016). There are a number of requirements trawling techniques that can be used to identify the requirements associated with the system. Abstraction can be used which makes use of the concept of generalization to reach to a set of requirements. There can also be other trawling techniques that can be applied such as mind mapping, brainstorming, simulation modeling and prototyping. These techniques will involve carrying out a model based approach or interacting with various user groups to come up to viable and conclusive information (Robertson, 2001). Fact finding is another technique that can be applied to understand and discover the requirements that are associated with the system. The system analysts can adapt this technique through a number of methods that are defined under the same. The stakeholders that are associated with the system can be interviewed with the aim to come up with facts and explanations at the end of the process (Ukessays, 2016). Questionnaires can also be created and distributed to all the associated parties and their response must be collected to understand the expectations and specifications of the system. This technique will allow the analysts to classify the requirements that are discovered in a number of different categories as functional, non-functional, business, and user. There will also be some sort of data that will be available with the store owner and his team. This data may include the flow charts or business idea or any other information that may be utilized by the analysts to discover the req uirements and understand the system in a better manner (Anvari, 2016). Market study can also be carried out to understand the basic expectations of the customers and the business units from the store and its services. It will also provide a glimpse on the latest trends and technology that is being adapted in the market. System Scalability Scalability is defined as the ability of the system to be at par with the business and user requirements at all times. It is the capability of a system to be scaled up or scaled down as per the requirement and scenario without affecting the existing functionalities and services (Msdn, 2016). There are a number of components that are associated with a particular system such as hardware, software, network and infrastructure. Technology is something that is changing at a rapid pace and a concept that is considered to be in trend at a point of time may soon become obsolete. It is thus essential for the system analysts, designers and developers to come up with a system that is scalable in nature and can be scaled easily as per the changes in the requirements (Jia, 2016). Importance of Scalability in the Project Scalability is the one of the prime requirements of the system that will be implemented for the Mexican food store and the reasons for the same are as explained below. The food store is already looking forward to expand the business under franchise agreements for future stores. The system that is created for one store will then be required to be implemented across all the units. Re-designing a new system for every new store will be troublesome for the staff and will also include a great share of costs. The scalability of the system will play a significant role in this case. The system will be implemented across all the stores in terms of the network, information systems and data. Inventory management, order processing and management and data management are the key features and components that will be implemented in the system being developed for the Mexican food store. All of these features will have automated functionalities and the same will be implemented across the network with a front end or back end. The technology that will be utilized in the development and implementation of the components may become obsolete after a few months or years. Re-developing the system from scratch would not be a great idea in such a case and the scalability of the system will again play a significant role in this case. There must always be a scope in the system to be scaled up or down and the same can then be utilized to transfer the technology and upgrade the system. The same would then be easily implemented across all the stores. The data stores that will be utilized for the data management will incorporate more and more data with the increase in number of stores and number of customers. The scalability of these data stores will allow the food store to handle large amounts of data with ease in terms of data storage and data operations (Ahirrao and Ingle, 2015). The number of customers associated with the stores will also increase with the expansion of business from one outlet to multiple outlets. Also, with the presence of stores in the market and provision of good quality products at increased time period will attract more and more customers. It will then be essential for the network bandwidth and the information systems that are implemented to handle thousand of requests and queries simultaneously. The initial set of network bandwidth and system capabilities will no longer be enough to handle the huge number of users. Setting up of the network architecture all over again and re-designing of the system capabilities would not only be expensive but will also hamper the existing functionalities and services. System scalability will then be utilized to enhance the system capabilities and network limits to incorporate the estimated number of users and their requests (Kermarrec and Taani, 2015). There may also be scenarios wherein it would be necessary to scale down the system in terms of the capabilities or the network requirements. For instance, there may be a particular food store set up in a region that fails to attract huge number of customers but maintains a fixed customer base on a monthly basis. It would not be recommended to completely shut down the store and it would not be wise to exhaust huge network and system capabilities in the same. In such a scenario, the system associated with that particular store can be scaled down as per the scenario and can be again scaled up if required. References Ahirrao, S. and Ingle, R. (2015). Scalable transactions in cloud data stores. Journal of Cloud Computing, 4(1). Anvari, (2016). Fact-Finding Techniques for Requirements Discovery. [online] Available at: https://www.anvari.net/CIS210%5CCIS210Spring08%5CInstructors%20Manual/Chap06.pdf [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016]. Jia, X. (2016). Scalable Information Systems ICST: Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. [online] Icst.org. Available at: https://icst.org/scalable-information-systems/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016]. Kermarrec, A. and Taani, F. (2015). Want to scale in centralized systems? Think P2P. J Internet Serv Appl, 6(1). Msdn, (2016). What Is Scalability?. [online] Msdn.microsoft.com. Available at: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa578023.aspx [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016]. Robertson, S. (2001). Requirements trawling: techniques for discovering requirements. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 55(4), pp.405-421. Ukessays, (2016). Definition Of Fact Finding Techniques Information Technology Essay. [online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/definition-of-fact-finding-techniques-information-technology-essay.php [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016]. Wiley, (2016). Wiley: Discovering Requirements: How to Specify Products and Services - Ian F. Alexander, Ljerka Beus-Dukic. [online] As.wiley.com. Available at: https://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470712406.html [Accessed 14 Sep. 2016].

The Life and Career of Judge Clarence Thomas free essay sample

This paper examines the career of conservative U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. This paper discusses the life and career of Clarence Thomas, U.S. Supreme Court Justice. The author looks briefly at his childhood, his education, then at his rise in the judiciary, and controversial nomination to the Court . The paper examines Justice Thomas role as a conservative African-American and how his conservatism is shown through his decisions. It is hard to imagine that few justices of the 20th century will remain as marked throughout their entire tenure by their confirmation process as Clarence Thomas, who was nominated by George Bush, Sr. for one of the associate justice positions on the U.S. Supreme Court in 1991. Surviving the controversy of this nomination, in which he was accused of sexual harassment as well as of being of insufficient legal acumen and gravity- many liberals believed that his primary qualifications for office were his conservatism along with the fact that he was relatively young and healthy and therefore could serve on the court for many years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life and Career of Judge Clarence Thomas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thomas succeeded to the seat of the ultraliberal Thurgood Marshall, and in doing so gave to the court a decidedly conservative cast, undoing many of the measures that Marshall had dedicated his own life to achieving.

Chemistry lab paper sherlock holmes experiment Essays

Chemistry lab paper sherlock holmes experiment Essays Chemistry lab paper sherlock holmes experiment Essay Chemistry lab paper sherlock holmes experiment Essay Our objective for the Sherlock Holmes Experiment was to illustrate that some chemicals can be identified or differentiated by simple chemical tests, such as solubility, pH, or color tests. In our group we had to test come common powders such as Alkali-Seltzer, baking soda, flour, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and salt. Other chemicals that were used to do this experiment were vinegar, and Iodine 2 Solution. The equipment used to do this experiment was red litmus paper, and 5 test tubes per group. After all materials were gathered, we then had to do five different tests to determine what the powder material does. The first test was to see what the powder materials do in water. We had to add a scoop of each of the common powders to an equal amount of water, each in a separate test tube. Then we had to stir/shake it up and record our observations. We had determined that the flour did not dissolve in water. The vitamin C did dissolve in the water. The salt, Alkali-Seltzer, and baking soda also did not dissolve in the water. In the second test we did, we had to determine what each solution does with litmus paper. We had dipped a piece of red litmus paper in each test tube and then observe what happens. When we put the litmus paper in the flour, Vitamin C, and salt, the litmus paper stayed the same color (red) and there was no reaction to either of them. However, when we put the litmus paper in the Alkali-Seltzer, and baking soda, the litmus papers turned too blue color. In the third test, we had to add a squirt (half ml) of vinegar in each test tube to observe what happens. When we put vinegar in the flour, we observed that a milky like solution was made. When we put vinegar in the Vitamin C and the salt there was no reaction to either of the common powders. The Alkali-Seltzer, and the baking soda, hen mixed with vinegar, had a bubbly/foaming reaction. In the fourth test, we had to add a squirt (half ml) of Iodine 2 solution in each of the test tubes to observe what takes place. For the flour, when mixed with iodine, had turn too black color with no physical/chemical reaction. The Vitamin C turned to a red/orange color with no physical/chemical reaction. For the salt the solution turned to an orange color with no physical/chemical reaction. With the Alkali-Seltzer, the solution turned to a brown color with no reaction as well. Last but not least, the Baking soda turned to an range/brown color with no reaction. In the last test, we had to test out a mystery powder (powder A, B, C), in its own separate test tube, in order to solve the Sherlock Holmes Mystery. Our group had powder C. When we mixed water in the mystery powder, it did not dissolve. When the litmus paper was put into the test tube it turned blue. When the vinegar was mixed it bubbled/foamed up. When we mixed the iodine solution, there was no reaction and the solution turned to a dark brown/black color. When we mixed in the baking soda there was no reaction and it turned to an In conclusion, after we had tested the mystery powder, we had to solve the mystery of who stole Kamala Jacksons pad. There were four suspects which were, Ruby, alma, Manly, and Beau, who were seen at the time the pad disappeared. I then cancelled out all the common powders that had no comparison to the mystery powder. The flour, vitamin C, and salt did not have any comparison which left only the Alkali-Seltzer and the baking soda. The comparisons of the Alkali-Seltzer and the baking soda were very similar. They were Just about the same as the mystery powder. So I then narrowed down the two suspects, Beau, and alma, who could have possibly stolen Jambs pad. My accusations of the culprit narrowed down to Beau. I say this because even though alma was baking cookies, she did not use baking soda to make her cookies, as you would think when someone is cooking they might use baking soda as an ingredient. So then I did my research. Beau is the only person left because at the time of the disappearance of the pad, Beau was using Alkali-Seltzer tablets. Alkali- Seltzer tablets contain citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), which lead to my accusation that the culprit is Beau.

Manchester airport Essays

Manchester airport Essays Manchester airport Essay Manchester airport Essay There are many similarities between the locations of school and Manchester airport . One similarity is that both businesses are situated near busy motorways. Having motorways could be a good thing as it would raise the profile of both Manchester airport and school. Another similarity is that both have or own a train station near by, this means that anybody could travel to school or to Manchester airport. This way would help as there would be more people going on the train which means that there would be a lot of relief for drivers on the road. It also means less traffic congestion meaning less traffic accidents in the year. One difference is where the location of each business is one is in the south end of Manchester as you can guess it is Manchester airport and another is located in Morley in Leeds which is Bruntcliffe High school. Both locations are situated where it isnt too busy to get to and from. Another difference is that near by the school there is a retail park which also could raise their profile, Manchester airport is based around fields and motorways nothing that could draw up attention for the business. The school is also close to many suburban areas not like Manchester as it is just close to a big city. There are loads of other schools situated around Morley so the school has to keep up their profile; Manchester airport has only one competitor itself this is not a problem, there is only one main airport in Manchester and this is it. A2 Compare the activity of the school Manchester Airport There are many similarities between the school and Manchester airport. One is that both are providing a service e. g. Manchester airport is providing the service of flying and the school is offering students an education. A difference between Manchester airport and the school is that Manchester airport can gain profit whilst the school doesnt gain anything other than helping students get an education. Another similarity is that both Manchester airport and the school are on their guard as there are many competitors around. Also both Manchester airport and the school are trying to up their games a bit as with the competition around. The one and only change to the school would be changing it from the public sector to the private. This means that students would have to pay to go to school. Which also means most of the students currently at Bruntcliffe would not be able to afford fees so the number of students going there would fall. I think this idea wouldnt be good as if the school was in debt then the government wouldnt pay it for them as it is in the private sector. A good thing about this would be that the Results, facilities attendance should improve. If the school was closed down then it wouldnt be able to open. The school wouldnt have enough money to reopen it and would have to raise some money and some profile as everyone would know that the school had been closed down and would want to know why. A school in the public sector would be closed by the government and opened by the government; of course the school in the public sector would also have to raise some profile. Also you could go into a partnership but doing this you would lose all your possessions and the business could go bust, also there would be the risk of arguing. A3 Suggest justify changes to the ownership of Manchester Airport One thing that you could change about Manchester airport is by allowing private investors invest as at the moment only shares are held by local council and the public sector (government). But this means that you would have to sell to someone that you dont know, if you sold to the council then you ask someone to verify that person who is investing. Another thing is changing it back to the private sector this would mean people would have to pay to use their service and it wouldnt be open to the public anymore. Already 10 councils own Manchester Airport and are involved in decision making so changing sector would have little affect here. It would not work as a sole trader as Manchester airport is in the public sector and it is really busy and one person would not be able to afford to keep the business running. A3 Suggest justify changes to the location of the school The school could move to the more populated area, this meaning that there would be more people attending the school. The school could also move nearer to a retail/business park to attract more attention. At the moment the school is close to many different villages this could be an advantage for Bruntcliffe as the more villages the more students they could take on in school. There is a disadvantage of being based near a motorway it is a problem for the school as it would make it unsafe for children/students. The school could move to a more private place but they would risk loosing students. A3 Suggest justify changes to the location of Manchester Airport Manchester airports location is very close to lots of motorways. This is an advantage as there will be easy access for deliveries. A disadvantage of this would be the build up of traffic. They could also move in to the city centre as there will be more population, an advantage of this could be making more money. Manchester airport at the moment is based near houses, if it moved to the city centre there would be more houses and it would be easy for people to travel to. A disadvantage of this would be the loud noise it might force people to move away but however the nearer it is to the city centre the more surrounding people would fly with them. A3 Suggest justify changes to the activity of the school The activity for the school is providing a service for the students. The school could change this and become part of the secondary sector, by producing its own goods e. g. books, materials. The school could also expand by building outreach centres in local and public areas. To maintain their standards and think that the school should regularly invite younger children to experience their time in high school. You could design your own school/exercise books. I think this is a good idea because it would mean less money spent on buying books with a logo/design and more money spent on the things that are more important. More student work on display. I think that it would be a good idea, because it means that not only are you respecting the work of a student, you will also be saving money because you are buying random posters with no meaning against it. A3 Suggest justify changes to the activity of Manchester Airport Manchester airport provides a service to people who want to fly with them. Other businesses could set up at the airport and increase their profile. I think it would be a good idea if you had quicker departure times because it would mean that more customers are willing to fly from Manchester airport because of the consistent flight times. I think that if you make the international flights cheaper more people will fly to international countries like the Dominican Republic and Cuba.

Inventory Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Inventory Management - Research Paper Example This means that the employees order new stock as soon as the existing one is depleted. Full maximization of employee use is essential in times of failure of the system. Many businesses have employed the use of self-checkout machines in retailing to enhance productivity. Among the major advantages of these machines is the improvement of efficiency in that they reduce the checkout time. A store can run six self-check units all controlled by one employee who tracks the progress of all customers in all the machines as opposed to one cashier and thus reduce time. The customer also gets a false sense of privacy thus improving satisfaction and productivity. For a retailer, there is reduced staffing and therefore reduced cost of management due to less administration costs. The machines enhance efficiency in the payment as they accept many methods of payment such as the debit and credit cards, cash through coin slots and electronic food assistance cards. However, the system is vulnerable to theft from shoplifters. The trustworthiness of customers is questionable but the machines may detect incidences of theft and cause the customer to change attitude toward s

Curriculum and Instructional Adaptations, Attitudes and Collaboration Research Paper - 1

Curriculum and Instructional Adaptations, Attitudes and Collaboration for Students with ADHD in an Inclusive Setting - Research Paper Example Curriculum and Instructional Adaptations, Attitudes and Collaboration for Students with ADHD in an Inclusive Setting ADHD is characterized by poor attention spans, being fidgety and restless, heightened variability of task performance, impulsiveness, distinctly observable hyperactivity and inability to exhibit compliance with rule-governed behavior. Such children are easily identifiable and the usual reporting party is either the parents or the teachers’ at the primary level of education of such children. Unless special strategies and instructional adaptations are made for such children at the right stages of their life, they run the risk of being school dropouts and slipping into an abyss of psychological disorders in their adult life. The primary focus of a teacher should therefore be to be well equipped to identify behaviors associated with ADHD in the classroom environment. The classroom has been adjudged as the best environment where such students’ can be recognized. Ready availability of children for developmental comparisons in the classroom and special demands placed on them for attention, learning and self-control elucidate the differences between them, if any. Multiple criteria for diagnosis of such children are described in the American Psychiatrist Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and a well trained and informed teacher is the best candidate to identify such children due to the close proximity, consistent contact and direct observation/evaluation of task handling abilities by them.

U.S. Totalization Agreement With Mexico Essay Example for Free

U.S. Totalization Agreement With Mexico Essay The focal point of this paper is to analyze the Totalization Agreement between the US and Mexico. It should be noted that the aspects of this analysis is not fundamentally policy analysis but it intended towards presenting arguments from the point of view of analytical framework. In this paper there would not be any bias or opinion presented rather a comparison would be presented in terms of arguments for and against the issue. It should be stated that in the context of globalization the Totalization Agreement is a very important aspect for the US. Totalization Agreement has the tendency of investment funds and businesses to move beyond domestic and national markets to other markets around the globe, thereby increasing the interconnectedness of different markets. Globalization better said is the shift in the direction of a more incorporated and interdependent World economy. Globalization has had the effect of markedly increasing not only international trade, but also cultural exchange. some intellectual define globalization as convergence of prototypes of manufacture and expenditure and a consequential homogenization of customs, while others strain that globalization has the prospective to take countless miscellaneous appearances. In economics, a wide description is that globalization is the union of prices, wages, products, profits and rates of interest in synchronization with developed nation norms. Globalization of the financial system depends on the position of international business, human migration, incorporation of pecuniary markets, and mobility of capital. The International Monetary Fund observes the increasing financial interdependence of countries all over the world through rising quantity and multiplicity of cross-border dealings, gratis international capital flow, and comparatively faster and extensive dissemination of technology. In contemporary economic scenario the prevailing trend is expansion in the global market. Global market expansion is nothing but a concept of serving customers beyond the limits of domestic market and in economic scenario considered a key growth strategy. Global market expansion is a business reality that every company encounters at some point in its evolution. Under such circumstances every business venture must balance risk with rewards, the risks when expanding internationally can be less predictable and in the same way the rewards can be more elusive. The companies, which are looking for sustainable ways to grow and diversify their revenue streams, consider global expansion as a strategic option. There are several factors behind the trend toward expansion in the global market. Companies require a global presence. For both offensive and defensive causes, companies cannot overlook opportunities outside their home markets. A company’s requirement for a global presence arises from two factors, their capability of leveraging domestic relationships outside their country and a requirement from domestic customers to support the company’s products internationally. A global expansion allows companies to replicate successful domestic strategies in international markets, potentially in markets with lower competitive intensity. Additionally Global market expansion provide the companies large untapped markets, advantages of low labor costs, savings of shipping costs, speed and efficiency of delivery system, etc. These factors make the Totalization Agreement between the US and Mexico more important. (Fletcher, 2006) The Totalization Agreement between the US and Mexico could be better understood in the light of the history behind it. For more than thirty years US has been establishing agreements relating to social agreement internationally keeping in mind that these agreements should coordinate with the program by the Social Security of the US. These agreements based on the aspects of programs related to Social Security of the US are cumulatively pronounced as totalization agreements. Under these agreements there are certain advantages. However, from the point of view of the US these advantages can broadly be divided into two parts. The first objective is to eradicate double taxation for workers employed in foreign nations. Without the agreement an individual would have to pay two times as tax on the earnings. The current report suggests that the benefit of Totalization Agreement between the US and other countries has help US workers working abroad at lot. The cumulative savings are estimated at $800 million per year. The second objective of Totalization Agreement between the US and other countries is to provide an individual who is part timer as a worker in either in the US or the foreign country the proportional tax benefit that is so important for the worker. In this context the agreement between US and Mexico becomes very important in the context of financial benefits. It has been estimated that once the agreement of Totalization is signed between the US and Mexico the workers from the United States in Mexico would be able to save about an estimated $140 million. These savings would be made in the parameters of Mexican taxes relating to health insurance and social security measures. However, it should be mentioned that this estimation is calculated on the basis of a 5 year term of computation. Again, in the perspective of humane benefit it would immensely help the workers who have been working in Mexico for a shorter period of time in both US and Mexico as because this agreement would help them to receive the benefits. (King, 2006) It could well be stated that Mexico is a prominent partner of the US in terms of trading. In fact it is the second largest after Canada. This way it becomes important for the US to indulge in Totalization Agreement with Mexico. As it is Mexico is already under the Totalization Agreement with Canada making it mutually beneficial for both countries. The advantages and disadvantages of Totalization Agreement with Mexico have been heavily scrutinized and debated in recent years. Proponents of Totalization Agreement with Mexico say that it helps developing economies catch up to highly developed industrialized economies much faster through increased employment and technological advances. Critics of Totalization Agreement argue that it weakens national sovereignty and allows rich nations to ship domestic jobs overseas where labor is much cheaper. The main advantages of Totalization Agreement are as such, increased free trade between the two nations, increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest in developing nations, conglomerates are having greater flexibility to operate across borders, global mass media binding the world together, increased flow of communications allowing vital information to be shared between individuals and conglomerates through out the globe, greater facility and speed of transportation for goods and people, reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect, spread of democratic ideals to developed nations, greater interdependence of nation-states, reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations , increases in environmental protection in developed nations. Along with the advantages there are also several disadvantages of Totalization Agreement, such as increased flow of skilled and non-skilled jobs from developed to developing nations as companies look for the cheapest labor, increased probability of economic disturbances in one nation effecting all nations, business influence of nation-states far exceeds that of civil society organizations and average individuals, apprehension that control of world media by a handful of conglomerates will limit cultural expression, greater possibility of reactions for globalization being violent in an attempt to conserve cultural heritage, greater danger of diseases being transported inadvertently between nations, spread of a materialistic lifestyle and outlooks that sees consumption as the path to affluence, international bodies like the World Trade Organization interfere with national and individual sovereignty, increase in the probabilities of civil war within developing countries and open war betw een developing countries as they compete for resources, decrease in environmental integrity as polluting corporations take advantage of weak regulatory rules in developing countries like Mexico. It could well be stated that in this competition organizations are gradually loosing their ethnic values and morals. Today competence of an individual or a corporate is judged by his or her ability to cope up with constant fundamental changes in the organizational structure. All over the world, organizations aligning new products engineering teams around ‘pit crew’ model. Cross functional teams to design, manufacturing sales and service engineer’s work along with the workers, who at some point of time have stake in the product. This ensures manufacturing and sales people having their say all through the design process and building up the manufacturing capability early on that is currant engineering. The goals are simple, such as speed, equality and competitive price. Commodities have become international for most industries and the impact of engineering is significant. In many organizations, the learning curve in engineering has become an unaffordable luxury. Competitive pressures mandate finding ways to reduce the total time required to introduce new products in the market. Competition along with more complex production and distribution environments requires identifying and reducing necessary costs, such as costs associated with development, manufacturing, distribution and service. However, it can be stated that totalization agreement would have a distinct effect on the Trust Funds but it would be a long termed and virtually negligible effect. It has been estimated that the social security of US bears a cost of about $100 million yearly. This has been the trend for the last 5 years. Thus the totalization agreement would enable the workers of both the US and Mexico to enjoy the advantage of cost benefit as the dual taxation would be eradicated. It should be mentioned in this perspective that the cost benefit of US during the year 2002 was around $198 million with Canada alone under the parameters of the totalization agreement. (Lamb, 2004) Thus in the conclusion it could be stated that there are both advantages and disadvantages in coming into a condition of totalization agreement with Mexico. However, when an international agreement is signed there are multiple aspects to be looked after and these are done keeping in mind the mutual benefits of the nations. References: Fletcher, R; (2006); Beliefs and Knowledge: Believing and Knowing; Howard Price King, H; (2006); Social Security Today; HBT Brooks Ltd Lamb, Davis; (2004); Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust.

Handling the Issues of Rage and Murder in Poetry :: Education for Leisure The Hitcher Poems Essays

Handling the Issues of Rage and Murder in Poetry The two poems I am going to analyse are 'Education for Leisure' by Carol Ann Duffy and ' The Hitcher. These poems both have potentially dangerous speakers. The first line of 'Education for leisure' contains murderous feeling, this grabs the reader and submerses them into the poem. "Today I am going to kill something. Anything" The poet uses direct and powerful words, by using the word 'something' instead of 'someone' the poet makes it unclear what the speaker wants to kill. In 'Education for Leisure' the speaker thinks that his readiness to kill makes him somehow smarter then anyone else. This is shown when the speaker says; "I am a genius..." The speaker seems to kill for killing sake. This sadism is shown in line five when the speaker says; I squash a fly against the window with my thumb. We did that at school. Shakespeare." This can be interpreted in two ways, one way is that killing and Shakespeare can be associated with boredom. The other way is a line from 'King Lear' By William Shakespeare "As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods; They kill us for their sport." (4.1.57-58) Carol Ann Duffy uses this a another way of symbolising the speakers delusional view that he is a God. The poet reinforces the point that the speaker is delusional when he says; "The cat avoids me. The cat Knows I am a genius, and has hidden itself." The speaker thinks here that the cat thinks he is a God and has hidden out of fear, he thinks the whole planet revolves around himself. The speaker also thinks he is famous. " I dial the radio and tell the man he's talking to a superstar. He cuts me off." By now the speaker is probably getting very frustrated, he then takes a drastic step. "I get our bread-knife and go out. The pavements glitter suddenly. I touch your arm." By saying 'your arm' instead of 'someone's arm' Carol Ann Duffy brings the reader into the poem by making the point that people like the speaker do exist and this sort of thing could happen. The speaker in 'The Hitcher' is observably feeling very depressed. "I'd been tired under the weather," The speaker is presumably mentally ill, he picks up a hitcher "...in Leeds" One difference 'The Hitcher' has to 'Education for Leisure' is that in 'The hitcher' we know someone is killed. "I let him have it on the top road out of Harrogate - once with the head, then six times with the krooklok in the face..." even though we're not directly told that the hitcher is dead it's

Edge of the Water

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Descartes’ Religious Journey to find God Essay

In the book Meditations on First Philosophy, Rene’ Descartes states many theories and makes many points on a numerous amount of things. In â€Å"Meditation One: Concerning Those Things That Can Be Called Into Doubt†, I struggled with what Descartes was actually saying in terms of God, did he believe in His existence or didn’t he? However, by â€Å"Meditation Three: Concerning God, That He Exists†, I realized where Descartes stood religiously. I agree with Descartes when he doubts the existence of God in the first two meditations because by the third he has found his own way and proof that God does exist and to believe in Him. Descartes has many things that he considers to be reasonable to doubt. Throughout Descartes’ life he has had a long standing opinion that there is a God who is able to do anything who has actually created Descartes himself. He has believed in God’s existence and God’s creations his whole life. However, in Meditation I he is trying to clear his mind of what he believes in, and consider others beliefs that contradict his. He finds himself questioning, â€Å"How do I know he did not bring it about that there is no Earth at all? No Heavens?† (page 463 Kindle). He acknowledges that he judges others sometimes for their mistakes when they feel they have all the knowledge. Descartes views this is a deception on God’s part. Descartes argues that since God is said to be supremely good, why would he deceive us? Since God did not create me to be deceived all of the time, why would he allow me to be deceived on any occasion? An argument Descartes makes on the do ubt that God exists, is that some people view God as only good and that if He really did exist, no evil things would ever happen. Descartes tries not to oppose the opinions of others in this first meditation. He wants to imagine that he came to be what he was by fate, chance, or a connected chain of events, or some other way besides God creating him. Since being deceived or even making a mistake is seen as an imperfection, he says that the less powerful they see the creator of who we exist, the more probable it will be that we are so imperfect that we are always deceived. Descartes argues that it is not enough to make these observations and that we must take steps in our lives to remind ourselves of what we believe in and keep them in our memories. We need to take them exactly as what they are, although sometimes we may doubt them, so that it is more consonant to believe them rather than to deny them. This takes Descartes into his first meditation; he forces himself to believe that his creator is not a supremely good God, the source of truth, but rather an evil genius who is powerful, intelligent, and clever. H e looks at this evil genius as though he has spent Descartes’ entire life in an attempt to deceive him. He knocks out his seemingly obvious beliefs of heaven, air, earth, colors, shapes, sounds, and all other external things as nothing but hoaxes of his dreams, things that are not real and that do not exist. All of these things he now doubts. He sees himself now as having no hands, eyes, flesh, blood, any senses; they are just false beliefs that he possesses these things. Even though it is no longer in his power that he knows anything true, it is within his power to take care decisively, to withhold his assent to what is false, although more powerful, however clever and smart this evil genius may be, to have any effect on him. Descartes decides to put aside all of his doubts, as though he has discovered all of his doubts to be false, and decides to stay on this course until he knows something for certain, or in fact that he discovers for certain that nothing is certain. In â€Å"Meditation III: Concerning God, That He Exists†, Descartes closes his eyes, stops his ears, turns away his senses from their objects and begins endeavoring a more intimate knowledge of his self. He clarifies that he is a thinking thing, that he doubts, affirms, denies, knows few objects, and is also ignorant of many things. He recognizes that he is able to love, hate, and perceive. Descartes says that he cannot be certain of anything without knowing if God exists and if he can deceive. The idea of God is that he is infinite, independent, all powerful and all knowing, the creator of absolutely everything on this Earth, the creator of the earth, the universe, everything. All of these things are so great that the more carefully Descartes looks studies and considers them, the less persuaded he feels that the idea of them owes its origin to his self alone. This makes him come to his conclusion that God absolutely exists. Descartes feels he had to come from God, because if he came from his self, then he would have no doubts or desires or even thoughts of deception. There is no reason that he should continue to exist every day, or even minute, unless there is a higher power, a stronger force, that preserves him, which would be God. There are many reasons for me, which are different than Descartes reasons that God does in fact exist. Although science has made many breakthroughs trying to doubt God and His existence and all that He has made, they have not necessarily been able to prove he does not exist. The whole entire belief of God relies solely on faith. To have faith is to believe in something that you may not necessarily be able to see. To doubt the existence of God at all, goes against everything that He stands for (even though we all may have doubt in His existence at some point in our lives). Explaining that God exists is nearly impossible, it is something we are taught to believe at a young age (depending on how you were raised of course), without really being explained why or how. Everyone on this earth has their own personal experiences or beliefs about God, and those who believe in God have found Him in their own unique ways. Sometimes to truly believe in something, we have to doubt it at first and take a journey to find our own personal reasons to believe in it, just as Descartes did. Descartes struggled with an explanation of deceit and mistakes. He did not understand why God would allow those things to happen when he is supposed to represent only honesty and good in the world. An explanation that he did not refer to is the devil. The bible explains to us that God is good and the Devil is bad. From personal experiences, I used to struggle with why God would allow such horrible things to happen, why did he let my friends die in car crashes, why does death even exist at all? However, later in life, I discovered that the bad does not necessarily come from God, but it comes from the devil. We are to do our best to avoid hateful acts and to overcome evil, which are works of the devil. God is our creator and our reason for being, but we also have a responsibility and choice of life. He has created a world for us that we have taken advantage of and that has managed to unfortunately gain many evil acts and people. We are supposed to live by the bible, if we do not then God’s plan and course is taken astray. Although He ultimately controls everything, He also allows us to make our own decisions, choose our own paths, learn from our mistakes, and suffer the consequences of those mistakes. It is in our control to determine where we want to go in our lives and where we want to end up in our afterlife. After all, for those of us who believe in God, our being here on earth is only to prepare us for our after life, which hopefully will someday take us to Heaven.

The Invention of the Monsters essays

The Invention of the Monsters essays Salvador Dalis, The Invention of the Monsters, 1937, which is located at the Art Institute of Chicago, depicts the idea of Surrealism, through, the artists use of space, and form, color and iconography. In the following paper, I will discuss the developments of these elements in Dalis work. Dali juxtaposed forms in his nightmarish environment. He has the haunting environment, with the dark colors, and the burning giraffe. He sets up his picture in some sort of parallel form between men and women. The women that have the double faced masks, are together, and the half- horse, half females are together. It seems as though no matter how close they are to each other, they do not touch each other. Another characteristic of form would be with the little objects that are laying on the table. There is a human hand, towards the lower left side of the drawing, holding an antique watch. Then there is another human hand holding a ball. The hand seems as though it could be the womans hand that is sitting on the wooden altar. Towards the upper right hand side of the table, lies a sculpture with two heads, perhaps this might of have been a symbol of Dalis love that he has for his wife Gala, since she was known for posing in his paintings. Based on Dalis Persistence of Memo ry, it seems as though he was still influenced by his previous painting in signifying that time was very important to him. Lastly, there is this dog that you can hardly see on the postcard, but you can actually see it in the real painting. It has been said that the blue dog, that was painted in the lower right hand side of the painting, was done in an unstable pigment, that faded away within a few years from the artists completion of his work. It was also said that this dog did not symbolize a monster of any kind. Dalis Invention of the Monsters is distinct in the way the artist treated the forms. For instance...

To Garnish vs. To Garnishee

To Garnish vs. To Garnishee To Garnish vs. To Garnishee To Garnish vs. To Garnishee By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the verbs garnish and garnishee: I have been hearing a radio commercial that mentions how the IRS can â€Å"garnish one’s wages.†Ã‚   I always thought garnish referred to decorating food or something, but when I looked this up online, apparently garnishee is the word that has fallen out of use, and garnish in reference to wages is correct. Can you tell me if this is in fact the case? Both words are used in the sense of taking money owed to a creditor from a person’s wages. Garnish has seniority; the verb garnishee began as a noun derived from the verb to garnish. The noun and verb relating to decorating food come from the same source. Old French verb garnir meant â€Å"to fortify, to defend, to provide.† The earliest example of garnish, meaning â€Å"provide or furnish a place with a means of defense,† is dated c.1400. Another 15th century meaning of garnish was â€Å"to fit out with anything that adorns or beautifies.† By the 17th century, garnish was used in the context of decorating servings of food. Another meaning of of garnir was â€Å"to warn.† This sense survives in the legal term garnish: â€Å"to obtain a court order directing a party holding funds (such as a bank) or about to pay wages (such as an employer) to an alleged debtor to set that money aside until the court determines (decides) how much the debtor owes to the creditor.† The noun garnishee is a legal term meaning â€Å"a person or entity, quite often a bank or employer, which receives a court order not to release funds held for or owed to a customer or employee, pending further order of the court.† The earliest OED citation for garnishee used as a verb is from a US newspaper dated 1896. Although the use of garnishee as a verb has declined, the noun remains a common legal term. In modern usage, wages, as well as salads, are garnished. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Artist vs. Artisan

Preventing Alzheimer's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preventing Alzheimer's - Essay Example Alzheimer’s Disease is an acquired disorder leading to behavioral and cognitive impairments that can interfere extremely in social functioning and is the most common form of dementia striking, both, elderly and, on occasion, middle age Americans. It presently is affecting approximately 5.4 million people n this country and is estimated to effect more than twice that number by the year 2050.(Anderson, and Hoffmann) There is nothing more precious to most people than the memories of the lives they have lived, the people they have shared it with, and all the details that make us the individuals that we are. Alzheimer’s and other sever dementia disorders threaten to take all of those things away. This disease does not solely affect the sufferer, but can have a profoundly disturbing effect on the families and caregivers of the Alzheimer’s patient. It can be unbelievably difficult for family members of sufferers to watch someone they care about degrade from the strong i ntuitive people they once were into someone who is a stranger, lost in their own homes and trapped in their own fading memories. Parents that no longer recognize their own children or grandparents that no longer know their own spouse of fifty years can be devastating. That is why understanding, treating, and entirely preventing the development of Alzheimer’s is absolutely imperative. This disease, not only, affects the body it steals your sense of self identity. To be clear, everyone shows a certain amount of decline in memory and cognitive ability as they age. This is a completely natural occurrence. However, there are individuals well into their 80’s that seem barely affected, while others can suffer far greater memory and cognitive loss at a much younger age makes a definitive statement concerning the disorder. Simply put,†...Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of aging.†("The Alzheimer's Research and Prevention Foundation") This condition goes well beyond the normal degradation expected to appear as we age. That said, if it is not a normal, unavoidable part of the human aging, then it must be possible to eliminate it from effecting so many within the population and there must be a cause that can be addressed. Given the seriousness of this condition and its continual persistence within society finding ways to treat and prevent the disease is paramount. Unfortunately there are no current cures available but there are many suggestions as to how to prevent developing the disease. It has been determined that certain people carry a particular genetic mutation that can lead directly to the development of Alzheimer’s, so for a portion of the population prevention may be more difficult.(Kolata ) However, what we learn from these individuals may be a huge contribution into solving its origins and finding potential treatments. For the remaining population, where the development of the disease seems unfortunately random, there are many suggestions that can lower the risks of becoming a sufferer. One can lower the likelihood of developing the disorder by taking the same steps that are taken to avoid heart disease. Studies have shown that the same factors, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, excessive weight, and diabetic issues, which can contribute to poor heart health can, also, lead to Alzheimer’s Disease.("Mayo Clinic") The Alzheimer’s Research and Prevention Foundation had suggested that there are â€Å"4 Pillars† in the holistic approach to preventing the disorder. Again, they admit there are no guarantees, but following these steps is ideally essential in reducing your risk factor. The first is to, simply, get the proper amount of rest and nutrition on a regular basis. A diet involving large amounts of fruits and vegetables, consuming fish on a weekly basis, and avoiding foods high in trans and saturated fats will help you balance the body’s health.("Time Magazine-Health" 2) The second, involves controlling stress levels. Finding proper

Reading Log and Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading Log and Case Study - Essay Example The most important resource available to organisations is human resource and their conducive functioning is ensured by a suitable organisational culture and climate. 2. Key insights (200 words) The state of the economy mandates that various organisations have to merge with each other in order to forge their survival. On the other hand, certain other organisations are trying to go for a change in their business operations through business process innovation. In order to support both kinds of activities, it is essential that organisations enhance their operating organisational culture and climate by innovating within its framework. The transition from one organisational cultural state to another cultural state is not only cumbersome but requires dedicated effort on multiple fronts. In order to make organisational culture and climate change a success it has to be adapted well to the existing organisational culture and organisational climate. This ensures that the transition between cult ural states is smooth and does not affect business operations negatively. In order to make the transition as smooth as possible, it is advisable to study the various involved sub-cultures within organisations in detail to identify possible transition problems. The resistance to change in organisational cultures is a present reality and needs to be dealt with on realistic footing. How can you key insights be applied in practice (200 words) In order to deal with organisation change on a stronger footing, it is necessary to implement organisational cultural change with greater understanding of the underlying sub cultures that would provide resistance to change. It is necessary to provide employees with means of feedback to gauge their assessment of the organisation’s culture and climate in order to develop new changes. Employee feedback could be received using questionnaires, surveys, one on one meeting by senior management and other similar methods. Once employee perception of existing organisational culture and climate is established, this baseline can then be used to plot a new direction for movement. During any major or minor organisational culture or climate change resistance will be encountered. The senior management of the business has to find avenues that will invite resistance from employees and then deal with these problems accordingly. For example, senior employees may show reluctance to upgrade their IT skills so the management would need to provide them with more intuitive and easy to use IT systems. These gaps and deficits must be assessed as realistically as possible and the use of external experts should not be ruled out. Case Study 1. How would you characterise current staff behaviour at the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Bank? The current staff behaviour at Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Bank is characterised by a twofold description – the older staff is sticking to its old working values while the new staff is trying to innovate and incre ase competitiveness. Overall staff behaviour characterises the struggle between the old guard and the new innovators. 2. Do you feel that their behaviour is attributable to the changes that have taken place, and why? The behaviour of the staff is purely an outcome of the structural change at the bank given the merger. Instead of the staff being at loggerheads because of differentiated cultures from two organisations, the staff is in a struggle because change is being imposed and resisted. Older members

Ethical issue in Costa Coffee Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical issue in Costa Coffee - Research Paper Example Costa Coffee, one such profitable venture by Whitbread (PRATLEY, 2011).To understand the ethical issue affecting Costa Coffee, it is first imperative to look into detail into the ethical issues that affect the coffee industry in general. The coffee retailing industry is haunted by what is known as the coffee paradox. Coffee production for the larger part takes place in developing countries. According to statistics, 90 percent of the world’s coffee production takes place in developing countries, the leading coffee producers being Vietnam, Brazil and Columbia (BUSINESS INSIDER). However, the world’s greatest coffee consumption takes place in industrialized and developed countries like the United States of America and the United Kingdom. This gives rise to a situation what Benoit Daviron and Stefano Ponte call the coffee paradox. The coffee paradox refers to the existence of a coffee crisis in the countries that produce it, and a coffee boom in the countries that consume i t (DAVIRON, 2005). Low wages, poor living standards and poor infrastructure is a regular feature of countries that supply the world with a commodity with a high demand. The producers get low prices, while the same coffee is sold at a substantially higher price. To offset the negative impact of the coffee crisis, coffee retailing firms consider it a part of their business ethics to employ measures that ensures prosperity for the producers of coffee in the developing countries as well. According to Geoff Riley, it is fair-trade that has helped in reducing the widening gap between the producer and consumer prices in the coffee industry (RILEY). Coffee production in the international market is increasingly pressurized by social activists to abide by fair-trade regulations. Fair-trade refers to the social movement whereby producers in developing countries are encouraged to trade their produce at terms that favor their own economy. Another feature of fair-trade is encouraging sustainabili ty in order to conserve resources for the generations to come. In the field of coffee productions, fair-trade coffee refers to coffee selling companies that comply with the standards of sustainable coffee production and distribution. Companies certified as fair-trade coffee retailers may charge a slightly higher price than those coffee retailers who do not comply with fair-trade regulations. According to the ethical consumer’s guide, Costa Coffee has been rated at 9.5 on a scale of 20, while Starbucks, its direct competitor has been rated at 6.5. The ratings give an insight of the top (SHOPPING GUIDE TO COFFEE SHOPS). (2)Produce a report about how that company could improve the ethics of its operations while meeting its objectives and making sure there are good employer/employee relations Costa Coffee does not abide by the fair-trade standards, however, the company can look into alternative ways of fulfilling its objectives as well as improving the ethics of their business op eration. The issue of Costa Coffee’s commitment to its business ethics however is not as simple as whether the company chooses to abide by the laws of fair-trade coffee. While consumers all over the world recognize the fair-trade logo as synonymous to ethical business operation, Costa Coffee has adopted a different, yet less known approach to responsible and sustainable coffee distribution (WELCH, 2011). Costa coffee reportedly joined the Rainforest Alliance in 2008, an ethical trading body

Internal combustion engine Essay Example for Free

Internal combustion engine Essay MGMT425 Spring 2013 – Haisu Zhang Marketing Research: Green Marketing Are Hybrid Cars Worth The Money? By Josh Nottingham Tyler Alberson Lei Ye James Chimitt Introduction: Over the course of the past few decades, Hybrid cars have slowly been multiplying on the road. General Motors sold 11,000 Chevrolet Volts in 2010 and are expecting that number to rise to 70,000 by next year (J. D. Power and Associates, 2012). The total percentage of Hybrid cars that cruise the road only makes up 3% of the entire automobile industry, but is expected to triple by the year 2015. There has been an immense debate over whether it’s worth spending the money to purchase a Hybrid car over a standard vehicle. What is a Hybrid Car? First built in the early 1900s, Hybrid vehicles are defined as a car that runs on two sources of power. The most common Hybrid vehicle combines a gasoline engine with an electric motor, which is known as a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). While most people consider this to be a recent invention, the technology has been around since the development of the first car. In fact, the first Hybrid car was created in 1899. The Beginning of Hybrids: The first Hybrid car was created by an engineer Ferdinand Porsche, which was named the System Lohner-Porsche Mixte. This vehicle used the combination of a gasoline engine to supply power to an electric motor. Surprisingly, the Mixte had over 300 produced, but once Henry Ford started the first assembly line in 1904, the demand for Hybrids slowly diminished. The main reason the demand decreased was due to the fact that Ford was able to sell gasoline engine vehicles for less and they produced more power. The Rebirth of Hybrids: After almost fifty years later, the United States congress introduced legislation that encouraged using more electric vehicles to attempt reducing the air pollution in the 1960s. Over the next thirty years, auto manufacturers spent billions of dollars researching the development of Hybrid cars and the technology that was needed. Sadly, only a few cars were produced which would both reduce our world’s dependence on oil and be able to compete with the historic gasoline vehicles price and performance. These vehicles failed to attract consumers and were eventually dropped from the production line. It wasn’t until the Toyota Prius, which released in 1997; Hybrid cars were finally starting to gain popularity in the automotive industry. From there, numerous Hybrid cars were released into the United States. For example, the Honda Insight became the first mass-produced HEV in the United States, which was a a small two-door car. The Toyota Prius is known as the â€Å"Hybrid† to many people, because it gave the Hybrid technology the consumers were hunting for. This particular vehicle has been the most popular HEV ever produced and auto manufacturers have used the technology as the platform for their Hybrid vehicle models. In this era of being environmentally friendly, auto manufacturers have shifted their production lines toward offering more Hybrid models to their customers. Toyota still offers the Prius, but Chevrolet and Honda have high expectations for their newest family members, the Volt and second generation Insight. We can expect auto manufacturers to continue shifting their production in the field of Hybrids. The Future of Hybrids: Since there is an increasingly demand for Hybrids, we can expect the future of Hybrids to be near. The next biggest change consumers can expect is to phase away from Nickel-Cadmium battery packs. Virtually every Hybrid on the road today has these battery backs. They are great for durability and proven to work well, but they have disadvantages since they are nearly six-teen years old. Nickel-Cadmium batteries do not charge as fast as other batteries and they are very heavy, because nickel is very heavy. By finding an alternative to these heavy batteries and reducing the weight, cars will be more efficient and have the ability to charge faster. There have been rumors of switching HEVs to Lithium-Ion Technology, which is both lighter and charges faster. Another report indicated the transformation of using a diesel engine combined with electric, which would increase the fuel economy of the vehicle. All these changes the future hold are the next stepping stones of the Hybrid era.

The Known Unknown :: Poem, Poetry

Man alone wonders at man's achievements, which are nothing. Had neither a wish we in this world to be born Nor we wish to be dead, as we wish to live on If our birth as well as death be not of our wish Why in life a wish and for each a skirmish? Crying arrived you oh! Man, people smiling around So smiling part from earth, crying people sound Mirth and merriment to your people your birth was Grieve them let your end, your life a noble cause mystery, death, unlocks the Creator of universe Still humans opine His very existence diverse Camel unseen, passed we claim, its footprints in the sand The universe does for the imprints of God's existence stand Man's knowledge is so wide, his wisdom so narrow Atom to space conquered but never tomorrow For a great tomorrow, live to eliminate human sorrow The clouds shed to give us a greener tomorrow

W-Planning(V1.3)

W-Planning(v1. 3) W-Planning (v1. 3) plug-in that Directory 1. 1 Data Production Part 2 The production of the source data 2 1. 1. 1 (1) GSM data format 2 (2) WCDMA 3 Data Format (3) 4 neighborhood data 1. 1. 2 Community information tables into MapInfo 5 1. 1. 2. 1 Public participation into 5 6 1. 1. 3 Update data 1. 1. 3. 1 Public Participation 6 to update the existing district 1. 1. 3. 2 Add the base station 7 1. 2 Basic functions 7 9 1. 2. 3 Planning Tools 1. 2. 3. 1 GSM frequency planning applications: 9 1. 2. 3. 2 WCDMA scrambling code planning application: 10 1. . 4 neighbor Tools: 11 1. 2. 4. 1 Database Analysis: 11 1. 2. 4. 2 to the neighbor relationship between positive and negative query and display 12 1. 2. 5 Simulation coverage analysis tool: 15 1. 2. 6 Tools 16 W-Planning (v1. 3) plug-in that Directory 1. 1 Data Production Part 2 The production of the source data 2 1. 1. 1 (1) GSM data format 2 (2) WCDMA 3 Data Format (3) 4 neighborhood data 1. 1. 2 Community information tables into MapInfo 5 1. 1. 2. 1 Public participation into 5 6 1. 1. 3 Update data 1. 1. 3. 1 Public Participation 6 to update the existing district 1. . 3. 2 Add the base station 7 1. 2 Basic functions 7 9 1. 2. 3 Planning Tools 1. 2. 3. 1 GSM frequency planning applications: 9 1. 2. 3. 2 WCDMA scrambling code planning application: 10 1. 2. 4 neighbor Tools: 11 1. 2. 4. 1 Database Analysis: 11 1. 2. 4. 2 to the neighbor relationship between positive and negative query and display 12 1. 2. 5 Simulation coverage analysis tool: 15 1. 2. 6 Tools 16 W-Planning is based on MapInfo plug-in plug-ins developed for WCDMA / GSM network settings check and optimization. The advantage is to show intuitive, easy to operate.Main features are: †¢ NodeB / BTS base stations, a map of the information; †¢ in accordance with the cell number, fuzzy station name to search the area; †¢ GSM frequency planning, WCDMA scrambling code planning; †¢ in accordance with the BSC (RNC) / LAC geog raphical boundaries of the simulation; †¢ Cell simulation coverage; †¢ 2/3G adjacent area optimization; †¢ One-way inspection and graphical adjacent areas; 1. 1 The production part of the data This section describes the production of the raw data CSV table format, and precautions 1. 1. 1 the production of source dataThe original cell information is CSV file, the workers into participating in a specific format, note the information must be accurate, especially in the items required. (1) GSM data format †¢ LAC_CI ———————————— cell ID items, such as 14466_55001, required; †¢ LAC ———————————– – LAC area, required; †¢ CI ————————————– cell number, such as 55001, are required; †¢ SITE_NO †”———————————- station number, optional; †¢ SITE_NAME ——————————— site name, equired; †¢ CELL_NAME ——————————– district name, such as water juncture -1, required; †¢ BSC ——————————————— attribution BSC , required; †¢ BSIC ——————————————- BSIC, required; †¢ BCCH —————————————- BCCH, required; †¢ TCH1 ~ TCH12 —————————— TCH frequency, required no filling 0 †¢ LONGIT UDE / LATITUDE ————— base station latitude and longitude, required †¢ AZIMUTH ———————————- azimuth, all the stations 360, change the fill †¢ LENGTH ————————————- geography of the area covered by the system; 1. 1 GSM_Site. csv [pic] ?1. 1 GSM_Site. csv (2) 2) WCDMA data format LAC_CI ————————————– cell ID items, such as 14466_55001, required; †¢ LAC ———————————– – LAC area, required; †¢ CI ————————————– cell number, such as 55001, are required; †¢ NodeBID —————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- station number, optional; †¢ NodeBName ——————————— site name, required; †¢ Cell_Name ——————————– district name, such as water juncture -1, required; †¢ RNCID ——————————————— RNC attribution , required; †¢ UARFCN —————————————- frequency, required; †¢ P-SC —————————– scrambling code, required †¢ Longitude / Latitude ————— base station latitude and longitude, required †¢ Azimuth ————————— ——- azimuth, all the stations 360, change the fill †¢ length ————————————- geography of the area covered by the system 1. 2 WCDMA_Site. csv [pic] ?1. 2 WCDMA_Site. csv Note: Please use the above base station naming attribute, otherwise it will cause read errors, the user can add other attributes any column, the column can be in no particular order.Users also can extend the range of properties for base station identification, such as routing area, configuration, antenna height, secondary carrier frequency, the next angle, coverage, business offices, district and other information sharing, these attributes column names and the content can be customized ((3) o-zone data Written examples bscname PT_BSC512 s_network 2G s_lac 14466 s_cellid 50272 sitename BS5027_JiangKouPingMin-27 d_network 2G d_lac 14353 d_cellid 10582 BCCH_UARFCN 110 bsic_psc 21 direction 2G_2G Note: s_network / d_net work complete specifications for the 2G (3G), direction complete specification 2G_2G/2G_3G/3G_3G/3G_2G 1. 2. 1 Open table command Description: There in the menu bar â€Å"open work table †¦ † command, or click on the button (below the toolbar (red).Execute this command, open the folder in the specified relevant Mapinfo Table. Of course, the Open menu in Mapinfo Table can also open the appropriate form, select the appropriate forms as needed Note: To open the form must be in the same directory [pic] 1. 1. 2. 1 Create Map With GSM_Site , : [pic] , Create Map With WCDMA_Site, Import Neighbor ,WCDMA, 1. 1. 3 Update Data Planning data often change, frequency and scrambling code operation of the existing network need to be updated. Relatively simple method of updating data. 1. 1. 3. 1 update existing community participation work Comes with mapinfo tools info_tool, click to edit the object (Figure 1. 1. 3. Modify cell data) as shown to directly modify => Save, and if, a cha nge in latitude and longitude, to refresh the layers, you can select the area has changed , then refresh the data menu as shown in Figure 1. 1. 3. 2), note the update position, must take LAC_CI, LAC, CI and other data filled out correctly Modify the cell data in Figure 1. 1. 3. 1[pic] ?1. 1. 3. 1 [pic] ?1. 1. 3. 2 1. 1. 3. 2 Add station The simplest way to change the layer is programmable, and then copy an existing base station, drag the newly added cell layer, and then modify the information, select the refresh, add the site to be completed [pic] 1. 2 Basic functions About shortcut buttons (1) to open the Layer (2) cell search (3) GSM frequency planning (on a frequency point) (4) GSM frequency planning (the next frequency point) 5) WCDMA scrambling code planning (on a scrambling code) (6) WCDMA scrambling code planning (the next scrambling code) (7) neighborhood search (forward search) (8) neighborhood search (reverse lookup) (9) BSC / RNC geographical boundaries of (10) LAC geogr aphical boundaries of (11) to open the Legend (12) file export Google Kml (13) refresh the layers 1. 2. 1 Open table command Description: There in the menu bar â€Å"open work table †¦ † command, or click on the button (below the toolbar (red). Execute this command, open the folder in the specified relevant Mapinfo Table. Of course, the Open menu in Mapinfo Table can also open the appropriate form, select the appropriate forms as neededNote: To open the form must be in the same directory [pic] 1. 2. 2 Cell Search Selected as shown above, to find Select the network you want to find, enter the district number, district name to search, exact match, it will center the display, and displays the corresponding Messagel, as shown below (Find Wat Stone Town -1 cell) [pic] , [pic] [pic] 1. 2. 3 Planning Tools 1. 2. 3. 1 GSM frequency planning application: 12 carrier configuration tool can query the plot, the use of red, blue, and green display BCCH, TCH1 to TCH12 frequency planni ng situation. Related commands â€Å"Find frequency† â€Å"Find previous frequency† â€Å"Find next frequency† Query results as follows.And the tool also provides the relevant shortcut button (upper-state frequency point on a P / N under what frequency) [pic] 1. 2. 3. 2 WCDMA scrambling code planning application: Tools can be found scrambling code 1-512, using red, blue, and green shows the planning of PSC, by way of scrambling code planning, you can choose +1, +8 two kinds of presentation. Related commands â€Å"Find psc† â€Å"Find previous psc† â€Å"Find next psc† Query as shown below† [pic] [pic] 1. 2. 4 neighbor Tools: Neighbor Tools main menu as shown below, it allows the entire network neighbor data analysis, forward and backward neighbor relationship query and display; single neighborhood query (2/3G) [pic] 1. 2. 4. 1 Database Analysis: Find Single Way neighbor† One-way analysis of whole web of neighbor problem. Analysi s of the data sheet relates only to Neighbor. Neighbor data must include the column, the data related to the source cell, target cell data, as follows: Source cell data: bscname, s_network, s_lac, s_cellid Target cell data: d_network, d_lac, d_cellid Global mark: direction Interface as follows: (1) Export Single Direction_neighbor. csv report export-way adjacent areas, in the C: / OneWay. csv (2) Show Single Direction neighbor sub-project is complete, one-way adjacent areas of geographical graphical, easy and intuitive, reducing much of the inspection process. : [pic] 1. 2. 4. to the neighbor relationship between positive and negative query and display Neighbor relations tool Mapinfo query must be used, as long as the map with this tool, click on the desired CELL query area, and then use the command shown below to complete the normal or reverse neighbor queries display. â€Å"Displpay Neighbors for a selected cell†: a positive neighbor relations for query and display (cut out ). â€Å"Displpay a cell Neighbors in backward†: reverse-neighbor relations for query and display (cut into). As a way users can also choose to use shortcut keys to execute commands the way (1) GSM neighbor search The following is a GSM cell positive effect chart to find Description: The gray lines for the 2G_2G the adjacent area, the green line to the adjacent area between 2G_3G Following is a GSM cell reverse lookup renderingsDescription: The gray lines in the neighborhood for the 2G_2G, brown lines, the neighborhood relations for the 3G_2G (2) WCDMA neighbor search The following is a forward lookup renderings WCDMA cell Description: The red line is 3G_3G the neighborhood, brown lines, the neighborhood relations for the 3G_2G The following are renderings WCDMA cell reverse lookup Description: The red line is 3G_3G the adjacent area, the green line to the adjacent area between 2G_3G [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] 1. 2. 5 Simulation coverage analysis tool: Daily work, we often need to have a network coverage about understanding, such as the division of each BSC, LAC region division, as well as analog cellular coverage area, etc. this tool can be achieved BSC / LAC zone automatic calculation simulation program areas, marked with different colors. Function menu as follows: BSC designated Area Picture (LAC similar), as follows: Tool can match Toolmate â€Å"Embed Thematic in map† shows the legend layer, which is more convenient to view the results as follows : [pic] BS [pic] Toolmate †Embed Thematic in map † , , : [pic] 1. 2. 6 [pic] (1. 2. 6 Tools (1) â€Å"Embed Thematic in map† layers within the legend display (2) â€Å"Export mapinfo2google† The picture shows the export mapinfo google Note that this operation requires you to not to maximize and minimize the window, the window as shown below, and shown that all the objects for display operation,